Viruses and Cancer
نویسنده
چکیده
Three types of agent cause cancer radiation, chemicals and viruses. The first demonstration of induction of cancer by a biological agent was made ^ 1911 by Rous who transmitted a tumour of fowls from one bird to another by means ?? cell-free extracts; later work has shown that such extracts contain the organism novV known as the Rous sarcoma virus. More recently, a number of other avian tumour8, including leukoses, erythroblastosis, sarcomata and renal tumours, have been found to be of viral origin. For many years it was thought that the phenomenon of tumoUr induction by virus was a peculiarity of birds but this view has since been disproved There is abundant evidence that in mammals, and amphibia also, viruses are a causa' factor in the development of some neoplasms. One well-known example is that of mammary carcinoma of mice infected with the Bittner virus. At present, eight different viruses are known which can give rise t?j leukaemia and lymphosarcoma in mice. Rats may also develop leukaemia through vir2' action, and virus-transmitted leukaemia has been reported in guinea-pigs; in rabbit'
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